Journal Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias - FAGROPEC
FAGROPEC MAGAZINE - Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Welcome! The Magazine of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences -FAGROPEC, is edited by the University of the Amazon. and publishes articles in related areas in Agricultural Sciences and Natural and Conservation Sciences The Journal does not charge for the reception and evaluation of the articles; nor by those approved for publication. Does not charge APC. Articles can be sent through the email rcagropecuarias@uniamazonia.edu.co or using the Open Journal System platform owned by the University of the Amazon.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Preliminary animal welfare protocol for poultry slaughterhouses, adapted from Welfare Quality®
This article presents an applied review aimed at the preliminary design of a protocol to assess animal welfare in poultry slaughterhouses in Colombia. The proposal is based on scientific literature published between 2016 and 2026, international standards such as Welfare Quality® and Welfair™, and Colombian regulations related to animal welfare. Based on the literature review, the protocol was structured into four functional zones: unloading, holding, hanging/stunning, and post-slaughter. Animal-based and resource/process-based indicators are proposed, associated with fasting, water deprivation, mortality on arrival, heat stress, injuries, flapping, stunning efficacy, and post-slaughter findings. The protocol constitutes a preliminary proposal that requires field validation through pilot studies, repeatability analyses, and threshold adjustments under Colombian conditions.
Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF WHEAT PLANTS
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing a portion of mineral fertilizers with organic fertilizers, by mixing them together in proportions, on corn growth and some soil properties. Chemical fertilizers have harmful effects on the environment and living organisms, and organic fertilizer alone is slow to decompose and contains few nutrients. Therefore, the idea has shifted to mixing organic fertilizer with mineral fertilizer to increase soil fertility. The experiment was conducted in the fields of the Iraqi Agricultural Research Department - Dabouni Station in 2022 with the following treatment groups: 1) Control, no manure, no fertilizer…… (T1) 2) Orgonic fertilizer (sheep) (SF) was 20 ton | ha …. (T2) 3) Mineral fertilizer ( MF) was (320 Kg N , 100 Kg P2O5 ,120 Kg k2o) | ha…(T3) 4) Sheep manure + 25%, (MF)................(T4) 5) Sheep manure + 50%, (MF) …… ….(T5) 6) Sheep manure + 75%, (MF)………… (T6) 7) Sheep manure +,100% (MF)……… (T7) The experiment was conducted according to a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results indicated that the combination of organic fertilizer and mineral fertilizer at ratios of 25, 50, 75, and 100% produced significant differences in maize growth (height, root length, ear length, leaf area, 500-gram seed weight, biological yield, and yield) and some soil properties (O.M., pH, and EC) compared to mineral fertilizer alone. We therefore recommend that farmers implement this study.
Artículos de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
CASE REPORT: PLACENTITIS IN A COLOMBIAN CREOLE MARE. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Placentitis is one of the main causes of abortion, premature birth, and the delivery of weak or septic foals in pregnant mares, representing both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It is defined as inflammation of the placenta, usually of infectious origin, that compromises fetal viability. The most common etiological agents are ascending bacteria such as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This report describes the clinical case of a 7-year-old Colombian Creole mare, approximately 7 months pregnant, referred to the Large Animal Clinic of the University of Amazonia showing signs of acute abdominal pain, recurrent recumbency, sweating, ventral edema, positive digital pulse, and galactorrhea. Clinical and complementary examinations were performed, including a complete blood count (suggestive of anemia) and transrectal ultrasound, which revealed placental thickening consistent with ascending placentitis. Abdominal ultrasound confirmed active fetal movements and a normal fetal heart rate. Treatment included broad-spectrum antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and vasodilators, along with frequent ultrasound monitoring. The mare showed progressive clinical improvement, placental thickness stabilization, and eventually delivered a viable foal at term. This case highlights the importance of including placentitis as a differential diagnosis in pregnant mares with acute abdominal signs. Early diagnosis via ultrasonography and the prompt initiation of appropriate treatment are essential for maintaining pregnancy. The combined therapeutic approach proved effective, and continuous monitoring during the final third of gestation is emphasized to prevent reproductive complications.
The epidemiological behaviour of ophidian accidents in the Department of Caquetá, Colombia (2015–2019)
The ophidian accident is defined as a tissue injury caused by snake bite, becoming a public health problem at departmental, national and global level, denoting a close relationship with agricultural activity. The objective is to analyze ophidian accidents in humans between the periods from 2015 to 2019 in the department of Caquetá to strengthen the exercises that promote prevention in ophidian accidents justified in the epidemiological characteristics belonging to the region. A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted by analyzing the information collected on ophidian accidents in the databases of the Public Health System (SIVIGILA) and the Secretary of Health of the Department of Caquetá in the periods from 2015 to 2019. There were 1289 cases of ophidian accidents, prevailing male sex 74.6%, with higher incidence in the ages of 21-40 years 39.9%, in agricultural activities 53.7%. The Bothrops genus is the one that produces the highest number of ophidian accidents with 73.8%. This study has identified the epidemiological status of ophidian accidents in the department of Caquetá.
Community Environmental Management and Fishing Cooperatives: Organizational Limitations and Socio-Environmental Challenges in the Tres Palos Lagoon
The purpose of this research was to identify, from the perspective of community actors, the organizational limitations and possibilities of fishing cooperatives in contributing to community environmental management in response to the socio-environmental problems affecting the Tres Palos Lagoon (Acapulco, Mexico). Methodologically, this is an inductive qualitative study, with analytical categories constructed through the participation of local actors. Among the main findings, opportunities were identified to strengthen fishing cooperatives in areas such as environmental and organizational management, aimed at mitigating the environmental impacts affecting the Tres Palos Lagoon. In addition, there is a perceived need to promote these organizations through intersectoral collaboration. It is necessary to reconfigure the role of fishing cooperatives, shifting from being mere recipients of resources to becoming active promoters of environmental protection. Socio-environmental problems not only contaminate the lagoon but also affect fishing activities; under this scenario, cooperatives can design strategies within their reach. Ultimately, significant challenges remain in breaking the status quo of fishing organizations and in designing goals and objectives not only in organizational matters but also in key aspects such as the conservation of the Tres Palos Lagoon.
MULTIPLE-THREAT VULNERABILITY IN LIVESTOCK FACILITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON ANIMAL WELFARE
Livestock production faces increased environmental risks due to the intensification of extreme weather events, high temperatures, elevated humidity, and the limited adaptive capacity of many rural facilities. This situation alters the internal microclimate of housing, compromises the animals’ physiological response, and affects production efficiency. The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between livestock buildings, multi-hazard vulnerability, and animal welfare in production systems, with an emphasis on tropical environments. The scope included scientific literature on microclimate, heat stress, housing design, environmental exposure, mitigation, and animal response. A systematic literature review was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect using search terms related to animal housing, heat stress, risk, and vulnerability. A total of 428 initial records were identified; after removing duplicates, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reviewing titles, abstracts, and full-text articles, 58 studies were selected. The results indicated a predominance of research on dairy cattle and a close relationship between temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, solar radiation, stocking density, and building design. It was also recognized that combined strategies of ventilation, shading, cooling, and environmental monitoring most effectively reduce the thermal load. It is concluded that the evaluation of livestock buildings requires the integration of structural, environmental, and biological variables; therefore, the Integrated Multi-Hazard Vulnerability Model for Livestock Buildings is proposed as an approach to guide risk assessment and decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Methodological Proposal for Assessing Animal Welfare in Swine Slaughterhouses in Colombia: An Applied Review and Regulatory Analysis.
Objective. To design a methodological protocol for assessing animal welfare in pig slaughterhouses, adapted to conditions in Colombia and aligned with international standards set by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and Welfare Quality, as well as with Colombian regulations. Materials and methods. A literature review (2014–2024) was conducted of international guidelines, theoretical models (five domains of animal welfare), and current Colombian regulations, supplemented by scientific studies on pre-slaughter welfare indicators (transport, time spent at the facility) and postmortem findings in carcasses. Based on this comparative review, a set of animal-based indicators feasible for use at the slaughterhouse was proposed, along with their operational definitions and evaluation criteria, and comparative tables were designed between international standards and the proposal. Results. Overlaps and gaps were identified between the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Welfare Quality, and national regulations. The former emphasize ensuring transport conditions (space, temperature, handling) and effective stunning; however, Welfare Quality provides quantitative animal-based measures (% of slips, vocalizations, injuries), while Colombian regulations lack specific quantitative parameters. This proposal includes indicators from arrival (transport conditions, stocking density, falls, use of devices), during the holding period (access to water, thermal behavior, rest time), and after slaughter (stunning efficacy, skin and organ injuries, muscle pH), integrating the five domains of welfare. Conclusions. The protocol offers a standardized tool for assessing welfare in Colombian pig slaughterhouses, complying with international and national guidelines, and establishes a basis for future field validations and regulatory improvements.
Sustainable Housing: A Review from the Perspective of Real Estate Valuation
The purpose of this paper was to identify how real estate valuation specialists integrate the sustainable qualities of residential buildings in determining their market value. Through a descriptive review of the scientific literature published since 2020, it was found that there is interest among architects, housing developers and society in managing and inhabiting sustainable spaces, which is overshadowed by the intention of obtaining maximum economic gains in housing projects. The results show that, to determine the commercial value of sustainable housing, the physical approach and the comparison approach -when the sustainability factor is included- are the best received by real estate valuation specialists. In addition, it is noteworthy that sustainable housing presents benefits and desirability in the real estate market that are difficult to detect in a traditional inspection of the subject to be valued. The reflections presented in this paper contribute to the construction of a new paradigm for obtaining the commercial value of buildings that includes the social perception of sustainable housing.
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Isothiocyanates in Chemoprevention and Cancer Progression: A Review of the Current Evidence
Isothiocyanates are bioactive small molecules formed from glucosinolate precursors found in cruciferous vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and cauliflower. This review summarizes current scientific evidence regarding their role as potent anticancer agents across various cell lines, including pancreatic, liver, lung, and breast cancer. Isothiocyanates, notably sulforaphane and phenethyl isothiocyanate demonstrate significant antineoplastic activity by inducing selective apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Recent studies highlight their capacity to affect multiple cellular pathways, such as oxidative stress through Nrf2 activation, the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer stem cells. This synthesis emphasizes the importance of cruciferous vegetable intake as a chemopreventive strategy, while noting the necessity for further research into epigenetic mechanisms and individual genetic variability.
Territorial Social Innovation in Post-Conflict Contexts: A MultidimensionalIndicator-Based Assessment of the Agua Bonita Settlement (Caquetá, Colombia)
This study presents the case of the former Territorial Training and Reintegration Space (A-ETCR) Agua Bonita, currently known as the Agua Bonita Settlement, which hosts approximately 150 individuals undergoing the reintegration process. The research examines whether this experience can be considered a model of territorial social innovation, given the development of diverse social and productive initiatives aimed at sustainability, social integration, and the improvement of quality of life within a peacebuilding context. To address this process, a qualitative approach was employed, including semi-structured interviews with key community stakeholders, participatory focus groups, expert dialogues, field immersion, and the application of a comprehensive set of social innovation indicators. The indicators analyzed encompass dimensions such as quality of life, empowerment, social appropriation of knowledge, sustainability, replicability, and scalability. The results suggest that the Agua Bonita Settlement represents a social innovation model of the “Intervention” type, categorized at Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 (approximately 66% consolidation), with prospects of achieving sustainability within a 15-year horizon. Additionally, a baseline document was developed and shared with the community’s associative bodies (Association, Cooperative, and Community Action Board), enabling the periodic application of indicators and supporting strategic planning to ensure their effective implementation.
Operant conditioning with positive reinforcement for the captive management of the great curassow (Crax rubra) at the Payo Obispo Zoological Garden, in Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Wildlife management in captivity represents a constant and significant challenge in terms of animal welfare and personnel safety. In this specific context, operant conditioning through positive reinforcement has been firmly consolidated as an effective tool to facilitate human-animal interaction by promoting voluntary behaviors. This present study aimed to evaluate the application of a comprehensive operant conditioning program using positive reinforcement in Great Curassow (Crax rubra) specimens at a zoo located in the city of Chetumal, the capital of Quintana Roo, in southeastern Mexico. The research worked with three specific individuals—two males and one female—using a structured design divided into observation stages, behavior selection, training implementation, and response evaluation. Key behaviors for clinical and preventive management were successfully conditioned, such as approaching, perching, and desensitization to scales, syringes, and transport crates. The results showed progressive improvements in the behavioral response of the individuals, reaching favorable response percentages in most of the trained behaviors. Consequently, it is concluded that the use of positive reinforcement contributes significantly to the reduction of stress associated with management, improves the cooperation of the specimens, and strengthens overall animal welfare, positioning itself as a highly viable strategy within modern management programs in zoological institutions.
Disconnect Between Prices and Production in the Avocado Sector: Evidence of Structural Competitiveness in Querétaro (1990–2020)
This study aims to analyze the productive dynamics of the avocado sector in the state of Querétaro during the period 1990–2020. Methodology: A quantitative approach with a correlational scope was adopted, analyzing three variables: value per ton, production volume (tons), and productivity (tons per hectare). Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were applied. Data processing was conducted using SPSS-26 software, ensuring the consistency of the results and comparability among the analyzed variables. Results: The findings reveal high variability in the value per ton, characterized by positive skewness and the presence of extreme values throughout the study period. This suggests that price does not depend exclusively on productive performance but is also influenced by external factors such as international demand, market positioning, and commercialization strategies. Additionally, the results indicate a disconnect between market signals and productive dynamics, as the production system does not respond significantly to price changes. Conclusion: This implies that production levels are insufficient to meet market demand, thereby limiting the expansion and consolidation of the sector.
Animal Welfare Assessment in Intensive and Deep Bedded Swine Systems
The article evaluates how different swine production systems affect animal welfare, using the Welfare Quality® (WQ) protocol to measure it. Using a mixed approach, qualitative data were collected through direct observation of the pigs and quantitative data were collected by evaluating four principles: good feeding, good housing, good health and appropriate behavior. The study, developed included the description and diagnosis of the production systems and the application of the WQ protocol, followed by an improvement plan. The results showed that the deep bedding system achieved 93.22% animal welfare, while the intensive system achieved 74%. The application of the WQ protocol allowed a detailed follow-up of the management, health, nutrition and genetic processes, facilitating adjustments to improve swine welfare.
Clinical, Diagnostic, And Pathological Considerations of Canine Panosteitis
Canine panosteitis is a developmental orthopedic disease that primarily affects young dogs of large or rapidly growing breeds and is characterized by acute lameness and bone pain. This article aims to describe the clinical, pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of canine panosteitis, as well as to propose an evidence-based clinical management guideline. A systematic review of the literature was conducted following the SALSA methodology (Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis), with a focus on the review of primary and secondary sources. The literature search was performed in scientific and academic databases including ScienceDirect, PubMed, DOAJ, RedALyC, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Panosteitis is a self-limiting disease that typically occurs between 4 and 8 months of age, with clinical manifestations such as lethargy and lameness affecting one or more limbs. Although its etiology has not been clearly defined, a possible association with diets high in calcium and protein has been suggested. Diagnosis is based on painful palpation of the long bones and characteristic radiographic findings, including increased radiopacity within the medullary cavity, most commonly involving the femur, radius, ulna, and humerus. Treatment is supportive and relies on the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, while clinical resolution usually occurs spontaneously. Panosteitis has also been reported in other domestic species, including cattle, horses, and camels. This review contributes to consolidating the current state of knowledge on canine panosteitis and highlights the need for increased scientific output and clinical case reporting in the Latin American context.
Organizational Environmental Management between Institutional and Rural Community Contexts: Diagnosis and Operational Challenges. A Case Study
Background: Organizational Environmental Management (OEM) is fundamental within the processes of the Integrated Management System (IMS) and the Environmental Management System (EMS). These systems are key to promoting participation within organizations and strengthening environmental commitments, especially in contexts where articulation between institutional and community dimensions is required. Objective: To conduct a diagnosis to strengthen the actions of the environmental management system from the OEM approach. Methodology: The study was developed under an exploratory and participatory approach. Two groups were involved: 35 children and adolescents aged 13 to 17, and 7 members of the administrative staff. Through this process, strategies were designed to support the development of an institutional environmental policy with community outreach. Results: The process made it possible to identify the importance of integrating the participation of different actors in the formulation of organizational strategies. It also showed that the development of an institutional environmental policy can strengthen community engagement and provide clearer direction for the organization’s environmental commitments. Conclusions: The research achieved its objective by demonstrating that the organizational environmental management approach can act as a catalyst for the development of guidelines, the horizontalization of processes, and the theoretical advancement of organizations. All of this contributes to guiding organizations toward sustainability through the integration of participatory practices and the strengthening of environmental management.
Prevalence of Feline Leukemia and Feline Immunodeficiency and Macroscopic Findings at Necropsy: A Retrospective Study in Two Veterinary Clinics in Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia (2014–2018)
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), and to describe gross necropsy findings, through a retrospective design based on the review of 130 medical records of cats with confirmed or presumptive diagnoses examined between 2014 and 2018 at two veterinary clinics in Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Records were analyzed according to sex and diagnostic outcome, revealing a higher proportion of males (70.8%; 94/130) compared with females (29.2%; 36/130). Among males, 29.8% tested positive for FeLV, 11.7% for FIV, 29.8% had FeLV/FIV coinfection, and 28.7% had a nonspecific diagnosis. Among females, 47.2% were FeLV-positive, 13.9% FIV-positive, 11.1% coinfected, and 27.8% had a nonspecific diagnosis. The only diagnostic method reported in both institutions was an immunochromatographic assay, a rapid and user-friendly technique that detects the FeLV p27 antigen through antigen–antibody complex formation and FIV antibodies against the p24 protein, producing a colorimetric reaction proportional to immune binding. Notably, although the reported sensitivity for FIV testing is high (~96%), false-negative results may occur during the early stages of infection due to the absence of detectable circulating antibodies, reflecting viral pathogenesis rather than technical failure. Overall, the findings demonstrate a substantial burden of FeLV and FIV infection and coinfection in the evaluated feline population, with a higher absolute number of cases in males but a greater proportion of FeLV positivity in females. These results underscore the need to strengthen diagnostic protocols, improve clinical record-keeping, incorporate complementary testing in suspected cases, and reinforce prevention and control strategies for feline retroviral infections in local veterinary practice.
Does Chilpancingo Have a Walkable Environment? Evaluation of the Built Environment at a Human Scale
The creation of walkable environments has become crucial due to their benefits for public health, the reduction of sedentary lifestyles, and the environmental impact of motorized transport. This study aimed to assess walkability in the downtown area of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, in order to improve urban mobility and residents’ quality of life. A field data collection instrument was used to gather both quantitative and qualitative information on the physical characteristics of the environment and pedestrian experiences. The results revealed deficiencies in the pedestrian design of downtown Chilpancingo, identifying areas that require attention. Despite these issues, the community shows growing awareness and active participation in urban decision-making. This research provides a detailed diagnosis of current conditions and offers practical recommendations to improve pedestrian infrastructure, promoting more equitable and sustainable urban development.
This article analyzes the process of community land reclamation in the context of the “Playa Gaviotas” tourism project, located in the municipality of Benito Juárez, Guerrero, Mexico. The research stems from the historical issues surrounding land tenure conflicts along the Mexican coast and the failure of private real estate projects in the 1980s. The objective was to document how the local community, through the formation of a Cooperative Society, achieved the recovery and management of a 3.2-kilometer coastal strip. Using qualitative methodology such as participant observation during the 2007–2020 period, supplemented by a literature review and the administration of 40 semi-structured interviews with residents and neighbors of the villages of Llano Real and Hacienda de Cabañas. The findings reveal that the social organization was decisive in transitioning from informal occupation to technical planning; they also demonstrate the strategic use of the Mexican legal framework to obtain the concession title for the Federal Maritime-Terrestrial Zone. Furthermore, they reveal an incipient development in which 22.22% of the occupied area is actively used for tourism, under a community management model that seeks to replicate regional success stories, transforming conflict into an opportunity for the local economy. It is concluded that the Right of First Refusal, exercised by the cooperative as the legitimate holder, allowed the consolidation of legal certainty regarding the appropriation
Intermittence, social practices and domestic water management in Acapulco: a hydrosocial analysis in the context of urban scarcity
Urban water access rarely depends on physical availability alone. It tends to emerge from a more entangled set of conditions—technical, institutional, and social—that shape not only distribution, but everyday experience. In Acapulco, where water supply is irregular, access is less a stable service and more an ongoing negotiation with uncertainty. This study examines the hydrosocial conditions that structure domestic water access in a specific urban area (AGEB 2736), drawing on a mixed-methods approach that combines 168 household surveys, qualitative annotations, and an institutional interview. Findings suggest that continuous supply is uncommon; instead, households navigate frequent and sometimes prolonged interruptions. At the same time, infrastructural deficiencies—low pressure, leaks, delayed repairs—accumulate, producing a layered experience of scarcity. On average, households report several coexisting problems, which leads them to rely on storage, reuse, and informal arrangements with neighbors. These strategies, however, do not resolve the underlying issues. Rather, they redistribute the burden of water management to the domestic sphere. This process is further shaped by widespread mistrust toward local water authorities, which complicates the adoption of alternatives such as rainwater harvesting systems. Taken together, the results suggest that intermittency operates not merely as a technical failure, but as a structuring condition that reorganizes daily life and constrains the emergence of more stable forms of water self-management.
Regulatory and Jurisprudential Developments in Animal Welfare in Colombia and Implications for Livestock Production Systems Through 2022
Animal welfare has gained increasing relevance in Colombia as a legal, health, and production-related issue, particularly due to its connection to the sustainability of livestock systems and contemporary market demands. The objective of this article was to analyze the regulatory and jurisprudential evolution of animal welfare in Colombia through 2022, identifying its main implications for livestock production. A literature review with a legal-documentary approach was conducted, based on official regulations, verifiable judicial decisions, and scientific literature published up to that year. The findings revealed a progressive transition from initial provisions aimed at controlling cruelty and public health, such as Law 5 of 1972 and Law 9 of 1979, toward a more robust framework of comprehensive protection consolidated by Law 84 of 1989 and Law 1774 of 2016, which recognized animals as sentient beings and strengthened the criminal response to abuse. Likewise, constitutional jurisprudence introduced limits on traditionally exempted practices and reinforced the state’s duty of protection. For the livestock sector, this regulatory process had direct effects on animal handling, transport, housing, humane slaughter, traceability, and producer responsibility. It is concluded that, by 2022, Colombia had consolidated relevant regulatory foundations in animal welfare; however, challenges persisted regarding institutional capacity, uneven territorial enforcement, and the need to harmonize legal requirements with production efficiency. The strengthening of animal welfare is emerging as a strategic factor for competitiveness and social legitimacy in the national livestock sector.
Sustainable Awareness in Tourist Service Providers of Playa Azul, Coyuca de Benítez
The objective of the investigation is to verify if the supliers of tourist services of Playa Azul have a sustainable conscience regarding their natural and cultural resources. The work approach is mixed with a qualitative predominance; observational exploratory level. Questionnaires and interviews were applied to key peoples: authorities, habitants and supliers of tourist services. Sustainable awareness was addressed in the environmental, social and economic pillars and is analyzed in the cognitive, affective, conative and active categories. The results indicate inadequate use of natural resources, observable in the effects to the lagoon and obvious contamination of beaches and streets. They do not perceive the value of their cultural resources such as gastronomy, customs and primary activities such as fishing, they also have a limited health service and a poor educational level. No evident socio-economic development has been achieved in the community. It can be concluded that the level of sustainable awareness is low, call for sustainable awareness workshops and environmental education programs
Challenges and Achievements of Sport Hunting in Colombia Through 2022: A Historical Analysis of the Regulatory Framework and Judicial Developments
This study analyzes the evolution of case law regarding sport hunting in Colombia through 2022, with an emphasis on judicial decisions and the applicable regulatory framework. Notably, the Code of Renewable Natural Resources (Decree 2811 of 1974) and the Animal Protection Statute (Law 84 of 1989) originally permitted sport hunting under license. However, recent constitutional jurisprudence has drastically changed this landscape: in Ruling C-045/2019, the Constitutional Court declared sport hunting unconstitutional, considering it a form of animal abuse that is unjustifiable and contrary to the state’s duty to protect wildlife. This precedent leads to the effective prohibition of hunting for recreational purposes. On the other hand, the Council of State has confirmed that promotional hunting (to supply breeding facilities or reserves, regulated by Law 611 of 2000) remains lawful in authorized projects, distinguishing it from purely recreational hunting. Finally, although case law prohibits sport hunting, enforcement challenges persist: the Supreme Court has highlighted reports of poaching (so-called “sport” hunting) even in national parks. These regulatory tensions (between environmental protection, traditional indigenous uses, and sporting interests) warrant a rigorous analysis of the achievements (constitutional prohibition) and challenges (implementation and enforcement) in the regulation of hunting in Colombia.
Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) in production systems: systematic reviewand perspectives under the One Health approach
Viruses are a major cause of disease in animals and humans due to their genetic simplicity and intracellular replication. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that affect various species of domestic and wild animals, as well as humans. Among these is Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV), which is endemic in cattle production systems and causes respiratory and gastrointestinal problems. To understand its general characteristics, a systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. This process identified 230 references in databases and other sources, of which 70 were ultimately included in this document. These 70 references met the inclusion criteria and allowed a focus on Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV), outlining its general characteristics, background, epidemiological importance, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and preventive measures that should be considered when infection with this virus occurs
Influence of human presence on the bird community in an urban-university environment in Chetumal, Quintana Roo
Birds play a vital role in ecosystems as dispersal agents, biological controls, and bioindicators. In the Yucatan Peninsula, approximately 133 bird species are estimated to exist. The Chetumal campus of the University of Quintana Roo serves as an urban relict for avian species within the city. Understanding these species is essential for promoting conservation within the university community. This study aimed to compile a species list and describe the effect of human influx on their presence. The campus was divided into 16 plots, 10 of which were randomly selected. Twenty-minute samplings were conducted in each plot between 7:00–10:00 a.m. and 4:00–7:00 p.m., consisting of direct sightings through focal searches. Simultaneously, the number of people passing through each plot was recorded. A total of 274 birds belonging to 31 species were observed, alongside a count of 389 people. Exploratory and statistical analyses revealed that higher bird sightings occurred during periods of lower human influx. It is recommended to continue monitoring the university's avifauna and the factors that may impact it.
Practices, rituals and festivities of native corn in the Me'phaa culture of the state of Guerrero, Mexico
Corn is a grain of great importance in food, culture, and spiritual life worldwide. In Mexico, it forms the basis of the diet, especially in rural communities, where it is cultivated manually and primarily for self-consumption in the form of tortillas. Nationally, Guerrero ranks sixth in corn production, mainly of white corn; the Costa Chica region has the highest production volume, while the Montaña region has the lowest. The objective of the study was to analyze the practices, rituals and festivities associated with native corn in the Me'phaa community of Tenamazapa, Tlacoapa, in the Mountain of Guerrero. An ethnographic design was used, employing participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 25 key farmers. The study found that farmers carry out various practices, rituals, and festivities related to corn cultivation, which have contributed to the conservation of as-yet-unidentified native populations. It also identified practices that generate socio-environmental tensions, such as the use of agrochemicals. It is necessary to revalue practices regarding the management of corn to contribute to the conservation of native corn varieties and to food sovereignty.
Population Perception of Local Consumption: A Study in the Tourism andAgricultural Sector
This study aims to analyze the perceptions and consumption preferences of tourists and tourism-related businesses in the Riviera Maya, focusing on the relationship between responsible consumption and local products. A quantitative approach was used, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational-causal design. The study population consisted of individuals in the Riviera Maya, and a structured survey was employed to collect data. The results reveal that, although there is a positive perception of responsible tourism in the region, it does not significantly influence preferences for local products. However, responsible purchase intention showed a direct relationship with the preference for local products, indicating that tourists who are more aware of responsible consumption tend to prefer purchasing local goods. These findings suggest that, in order to promote changes in consumption behavior, tourism strategies should focus on strengthening responsible purchase intention. Additionally, the study highlights the need to improve perceptions regarding the quality and sustainability of local products.
Equine Animal Welfare in Stables and Breeding Farms in Ocaña, Ábrego, and Río de Oro
Equine animal welfare is evolving from a “solely ethical” issue to become a matter of health quality, regulatory compliance, and productive sustainability. This concept, widely supported by international standards, defines welfare as the animal’s state of being (health, comfort, nutrition, safety, ability to express relevant behaviors, and freedom from pain, fear, or severe distress). Within this framework, animal welfare was assessed in equine systems (stalls and breeding facilities) in Ocaña, Ábrego, and Río de Oro, using a mixed-methods approach and a principles-based assessment aligned with the AWIN protocol and the Colombian framework established by Resolution 136 of 2020. The research is grounded in the adoption of welfare guidelines in the agricultural sector and in the obligation for inspection, monitoring, and control assigned to the ICA in Colombia. Based on the percentages reported by farm, the study covered 9 farms and 117 horses and reported high overall performance: between 91.35% and 98.11%, with an arithmetic mean of 94.98%. When broken down by principles, a consistent pattern emerges: good nutrition (97.22%) and good behavior (99.15%) are close to the maximum, while good housing shows the greatest variability and the lowest average (89.35%), suggesting that infrastructure, physical comfort, and access to rest/grazing conditions represent the greatest relative margin for improvement. In practical terms, the study proposes improvement plans focused on water (contingency/storage), the suitability of feeders and waterers, the height/safety of facilities, artificial lighting, grazing/rest areas, a nursing area, and the organization of medications and shoeing. These proposals are consistent with the idea that welfare is not limited to preventing harm, but to creating opportunities for positive states (“a life worth living”).