Papel de los isotiocianatos en la quimioprevención y progresión del cáncer: Una revisión de la evidencia actual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47847/Palabras clave:
Isotiocianatos, cáncer, apoptosis, compuestos bioactivos, brócoliResumen
Los isotiocianatos son compuestos bioactivos liberados tras la hidrólisis de los glucosinolatos, precursores presentes en vegetales crucíferos como el brócoli, la coliflor y las coles de Bruselas. Esta revisión sintetiza el conocimiento actual (hasta 2022) sobre el papel quimiopreventivo y terapéutico de estos compuestos en diversas líneas celulares oncológicas. La evidencia demuestra que los isotiocianatos, como el sulforafano y el isotiocianato de fenilo ejercen efectos antiproliferativos mediante la modulación de múltiples vías de señalización, incluyendo la inducción de apoptosis selectiva, el arresto del ciclo celular en fases G1 y G2/M, y la activación de la vía Nrf2 para combatir el estrés oxidativo Se concluye que el consumo dietario de crucíferas representa una estrategia viable de quimioprevención, aunque se requiere profundizar en los mecanismos epigenéticos y la variabilidad farmacogenética individual para su futura integración clínica.
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