Livestock farming in silvopastoral production systems

Abstract

The fragmentation of ecosystems has been caused by the constant demand of livestock. Since bovine livestock production has been developed under an extensive production system, where monoculture prevails. In this sense, it is important to take into account strategies to improve and recover livestock production systems, such as the establishment of silvopastoral agroforestry systems. For this, a systematic literature search was carried out; Guide tables were generated with the information collected in a technical and specific way according to the production systems. Nitrogen fixing species such as Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Bauhinia purpurea, Albizzia lebeck, Erythrina fusca, Acacia melanoxylon, Inga edulis; and Cratylia argéntea. Leucaena leucocephala provides 25.9% protein, obtaining a milk production level of up to 10.7 lt / cow / day in Holstein cows. Species such as Weinmannia pubescens, Salix humboldtiana Willd and Mimosa quitensis Kunth are considered to recover degraded areas and avoid soil erosion problems in the high tropics. Thus, livestock should be associated with silvopastoral production systems as a set of techniques to give a better use to the soil, guaranteeing the sustainability and sustainability of the natural ecosystem.