THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVEL OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY ON THE PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L) WHEAT VARIETY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47847/Keywords:
(R.C.B.D), Triticum aestivum L, Salinity, DuncanAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of saline irrigation water levels on the phenotypic characteristics of growth and production of wheat variety "Triticum aestivum L." as well as to determine the harmful effects on seed germination and growth of wheat plants when using irrigation water containing different concentrations of sodium chloride. This study was conducted in the experimental basin at the Dubouni Station, affiliated with the Agricultural Research Department, Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture, during the 2021-2022 agricultural season. The irrigation water used in the experiment was at five salinity levels: 0.000, 1000, 3000, 6000, and 9000 ppm of sodium salts.
The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) with seven treatments and three replicates. The results of the experiment showed statistically significant differences, at a level of less than 5%, for all experimental parameters studied (germination rate, plant height, root length, spike length, leaf area, leaf dry weight, and root dry weight). The study concluded that the higher the concentration of sodium chloride salts in the irrigation water, the lower the germination rate, growth, and phenotypic characteristics of the plant under study. This conclusively proves that the harmful effect of sodium chloride on germination and seedling growth was due to the toxic osmotic effect. The results of the current experiment revealed that different levels of saline irrigation water can significantly affect the growth, productivity, quality, concentration, and uptake of nutrient content in wheat crops. The lowest growth rates across all studied plant phenotypes were achieved when water with a salinity of 900 ppm was used. This clearly indicates that increased salinity in irrigation water reduces crop productivity due to a significant increase in the osmotic potential at the soil surface, which may reduce water and nutrient uptake at the soil-water interface.
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